The duel
By tacitus Posted in History — Comments (9) / Email this page » / Leave a comment »
Picture, if you will, a public ceremony in April 2065 honoring Abraham Lincoln and John Wilkes Booth -- two men, patriots each in their own way, who just happened to have a fatal meeting on a fateful evening. Or perhaps citizens will gather in a plaza in Dallas in November 2163 to honor Lee Harvey Oswald and John F. Kennedy: two Americans, each with their own compelling vision, who just happened to have a fatal clash on a fateful afternoon. If this strikes you as ridiculous -- and well it should -- then we must stop to ask why the villainous Aaron Burr is being honored alongside Alexander Hamilton in this week, the two hundredth anniversary of the latter's murder on the duelling field at Weehawken.
If you care about historical justice, read on.
The reenactment of the 11 July 1804 duel between Burr and Hamilton was, ultimately, a profound disappointment. We know the facts of the case (in this instance, largely derived from the same book everyone else is reading): We know that Hamilton, having over the course of several decades formed an (accurate) opinion of Burr as a man with ambition but without principle, was determined to block the then-sitting Vice President from the governorship of New York, from whence Hamilton suspected Burr planned to foment the establishment of a secessionist northern confederacy. This was not an unreasonable suspicion: secessionist sentiment in New England took root with the election of Jefferson, built through the War of 1812, and did not entirely die until several years after; Burr, on the other hand, was later publicly shown to harbor grand designs on a nation of his own in North America. As a man detested by George Washington, a double-crosser of both Federalists and Republicans, and a known swindler of the public trust, Burr earned Hamilton's suspicion in spades. Burr lost his bid to reign sovereign in Albany: this was perhaps due more to Jefferson's effort than Hamilton's -- the President also loathed Burr for his perceived role in trying to "steal" the 1800 election -- but a private citizen was the more accessible target of a defeated man's rage. And so the fatal events were set in motion.
These things we know. We know that Burr chose to provoke a duel with Hamilton by making unreasonable demands upon his honor -- namely, Hamilton would have to foreswear ever having held a negative opinion of Burr. We know that after the duel was agreed upon, Burr spent days practicing his dead shot. We know that Hamilton resisted the entreaties of his friends to practice at all. We know that Hamilton confided his plan to not kill Burr on the duelling field to his second. We know that Hamilton fired his pistol into the air. We know that Burr saw the tree branch far above him splinter with Hamilton's round. We know that Burr coolly took aim and shot down Alexander Hamilton.
After a full day of agony, Hamilton died.
It is impossible to call this anything but premeditated murder. Combined with the rest of Burr's career, it is an act consistent with the character of a man of infamy. (Indeed, but for his battlefield service in the Revolution, it would be difficult indeed to say much good of Aaron Burr.) Following this and his subsequent trial for treason, Burr spent the rest of his life in a well-deserved isolation from the company of patriots and honorable men.
Why, then, the farce of the events surrounding the reenactment of the fatal duel? Why did the Mayor of Weehawken laud both men as "two individuals that gave so much to this country"? Why did Congressman Bob Menendez and Governor Jim McGreevey both cast the duel as a mysterious meeting of two great patriots? Why must Hamilton suffer the indignities of both sharing a commemorative coin with his murderer, and of having that murderer commemorated with a plaque at the very site of his monument?
And most shameful of all, why must the behavior of the modern descendants of Aaron Burr live down so ably to the example of their ancestor?
"Honestly, when I started this, I really had no ill will towards the Burr family," said Doug Hamilton, the great, great, great, great, great grandson of the former Treasury Secretary, who participated in the reenactment. "But the Burr people wanted to bring Hamilton down. At one forum, a Burr person said, 'Well, we all know that Hamilton was gay.' I mean, what is that? They said their guy wasn't at fault. Obviously, this whole thing is about making their guy look good. It's gotten really intense."
And:
"There was an animosity on the part of Alexander Hamilton toward Aaron Burr for which there was nothing in Aaron Burr's record that could be justified," Antonio Burr, a psychologist from New York, said Sunday.
It's not great-granddad's fault, folks. There's whitewashing afoot, and if the petty, grasping politicos of the modern day are called upon to assist in it, well, they'll be more than happy to. Pathetic. Shameful.
This isn't merely the stuff of history-minded pedants. This matters. If, to paraphrase Kundera, the struggle of good against evil is the struggle of memory against forgetting, then we owe it to ourselves and to posterity to remember well and remember truly. In an age where a man runs for President on the strength of his service record without honest reference to his profound dishonoring of that service; in an age where one of the great liberators of the past century is derided by small men; and in an age when too many forget the truth about not just the murder of a single man two centuries past, but the slaughter of thousands three years distant; in this age, perhaps more than any, we must remember well.
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The duel 9 Comments (0 topical, 9 editorial, 0 hidden) Post a comment »
Excellent post. To my mind, Burr's only great contribution to history is as the trivia answer in that "Got Milk?" commercial a few years ago.
While I have no sympathy for Aaron Burr, I must point out that Alexander Hamilton was a fool to enter into a duel with him.
It's hard to imagine a more colorful figure of early America than AB, emblem of all that conservatives detest. Easier still to pick on a dead man. Burr's dislike of Hamilton went back years, and IIRC Hamilton felt the same way about Burr. As Ray pointed out, Hamilton did not need to show up, and he could have practiced. That he did show up without practicing and deliberately aimed high does not make him noble. AFAIC it's pretty stupid, especially when the guy you're facing is your sworn enemy.
But hey, Hamilton gets immortalized for taking the high road, and Burr is still castigated for the duel.
And they say politics today are uncivilized.
I think it's a bit hyperbolic to compare a death in a duel to the assassinations of JFK and Lincoln.
Even if the death was "unsportsmanlike", Hamilton
a) knew it was possible
b) didn't practice
c) accepted
so he bears no small measure of responsibility for his fate, especially given that it was a duel with guns (rather than, say, foam baseball bats).
"We laugh at honor and are shocked to find traitors in our midst." -- C. S. Lewis
Ok, here's a brief background blurb on myself. I am a graduate student studying southern history (among other things). Consequently, I have had some chance to read about dueling, lynching, wife-beating, wife-killing, husband-killing, cock fighting, and many other aspects of Southern violence. I commend to your attention Bertram Wyatt-Brown's "Honor and Violence in the Old South" as a good introductory book on the subject.
My own view is that dueling can in no way be compared to assassination or murder, except in the sense that someone gets killed. In the 18th and 19th centuries the South, and the rest of the nation, was in many respects what sociologists call an "honor-shame culture." While the idea of two grown men trying to do ritualized violence to each other may seem demented today, the context is important.
In many ways dueling served, don't laugh now, as a kind of conflict-resolution. Once the duel was declared, and I'm generalizing now, there was usually a space of time in between in which the dispute could be ironed out. In many cases the men's seconds (usually close friends of the combatants) could serve as intermediaries. Sometimes the duel was called off, and sometimes even when it was held the combatants agreed to fire away from each other, which is what some people think Hamilton did. Obviously Burr did not. This practice was called deloping.
Aaron Burr did kill Hamilton, but he did not murder or assassinate him. Enough charges can be brought against Burr's character without adding that. Dueling is an anachronism, and I would never condone it today, but in July of 1804 it served a useful social purpose.
Anyone have a clue as to why assassins are most always known by three names in the U.S? John Wilkes Booth, James Earl Ray, Lee Harvey Oswald. The exception seems to be Sirhan Sirhan, but that COULD be because he didn't HAVE a middle name.
Anyone have a clue as to why assassins are most always known by three names in the U.S? John Wilkes Booth, James Earl Ray, Lee Harvey Oswald. The exception seems to be Sirhan Sirhan, but that COULD be because he didn't HAVE a middle name.

The great British historian Paul Johnson, in his A History of the American People, judged Hamilton to be the only American Founder truly deserving of the label "genius." Shame on those who besmirch his good name.